Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has won a fourth term in office, beating right-wing challenger Flávio Bolsonaro in a run-off that few expected him to win after he trailed in the first round.
Brazil's electoral court says Lula took 51.79% of the vote to Bolsonaro's 48.21%, a lead of more than 4 million votes. He is the first candidate since Brazil returned to democracy to win the presidency after finishing second in the first round. He is also the first Brazilian president to win four terms, and will serve until 2030.
Speaking to supporters in São Paulo, the 80-year-old thanked young people, women and teachers for backing him. He said Brazil "will not accept being anyone's backyard", a line he repeated throughout the campaign in defence of the country's sovereignty.
Bolsonaro, a senator and the son of former president Jair Bolsonaro, refused to accept the outcome. He called the result "inexplicable" and said his lawyers would ask for the election to be annulled. Legal experts told BBC News Brasil the chances of that are remote, given the size of the margin, and no Brazilian presidential election has ever been annulled. Jair Bolsonaro is under house arrest after being convicted of plotting a coup following his 2022 defeat to Lula.
The day was not free of controversy. Voting was extended by two hours at the request of both campaigns. Lula's team said a shortage of buses kept voters from reaching polling stations in cities including São Paulo and Salvador, while Bolsonaro's team pointed to bad weather in the south. Brazil's Supreme Court confirmed the result, and its president, who was appointed by Jair Bolsonaro, said the extension caused no problems for the count.
Analysts credit Lula's comeback partly to a strong online campaign, including a WhatsApp channel run by congressman André Janones that passed ten million followers before the vote. A constitutional amendment guaranteeing workers two days off a week without a pay cut, passed less than two weeks before the run-off, is also thought to have boosted support. Lula said digital communication would play a big role in his new government.

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